Definition
Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by patches of darkened skin, typically appearing on the face. These patches are usually symmetrical and most commonly affect areas with frequent sun exposure, such as the forehead, cheeks, bridge of the nose, and upper lip.
Cause
The exact cause of melasma remains unclear, but several factors are known to contribute to its development:
- Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is a primary trigger for melasma.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, and birth control pills can increase susceptibility to melasma in some women.
- Genetics: People with a family history of melasma have a higher risk of developing the condition.
History
Melasma has been recognized for centuries, with historical descriptions dating back to ancient Egypt and Greece. The term “melasma” comes from the Greek word “melas,” meaning “black.” Throughout history, it’s been referred to by various names, including “chloasma” and “the mask of pregnancy.”
Treatment
Melasma can be challenging to treat completely, but various approaches can help lighten the darkened patches and prevent worsening. These include:
- Sun protection: Consistent use of sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher is crucial for preventing further darkening.
- Topical lightening creams: Creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, kojic acid, and azelaic acid can help lighten pigmentation.
- Chemical peels: Superficial chemical peels may be used to remove the top layer of skin and promote lightening.
- Laser therapy: In some cases, laser therapy may be used to target and reduce melanin production.
Disclaimer: Please consult a licensed dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment of melasma.